What does "enslavement" denote in the context of crimes against humanity?

In the context of crimes against humanity, "enslavement" specifically denotes involuntary servitude under duress. This definition captures the essence of what enslavement entails: individuals are forced into labor against their will, stripped of their autonomy and freedom. Enslavement is characterized by coercive measures that compel individuals to work for the benefit of others without consent, reflecting a severe violation of human rights.

This understanding is critical because it contrasts sharply with other concepts like voluntary participation in labor contracts, which implies consent and free choice—conditions that do not align with the definition of enslavement. Similarly, economic exploitation for profit can occur in various contexts that do not necessarily involve the extreme violation of autonomy intrinsic to enslavement. Freedom of movement and choice directly contradicts the nature of enslavement, as those who are enslaved lack both and instead endure confinement and control over their lives. Thus, recognizing enslavement as involuntary servitude under duress is essential in appropriately addressing the gravity of such crimes against humanity.