What does the 'presumption of innocence' mean in criminal law?

The presumption of innocence is a fundamental principle in criminal law, emphasizing that an individual accused of a crime is considered innocent until proven guilty in a court of law. This principle is foundational to ensuring a fair trial and upholding justice within the legal system. It places the burden of proof on the prosecution to establish the guilt of the accused, rather than requiring the accused to prove their innocence.

By maintaining this presumption, the legal system protects individuals from wrongful punishment and ensures that any deprivation of liberty is only enacted when there is sufficient evidence to establish guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. This approach fosters a more just legal process, where individuals are treated fairly and equitably, reinforcing the notion that it is better for a guilty person to go free than for an innocent person to be wrongfully convicted.

The other responses do not accurately reflect this legal principle. For instance, suggesting that accused individuals must be punished first undermines the very essence of due process and the rights of the accused. Similarly, proclaiming that a person is guilty until proven innocent contradicts the presumption of innocence. Lastly, saying that guilt is determined by public opinion ignores the necessity for a legal process and evidence-based conclusions.