What does the term 'actus reus' refer to in criminal law?

The term 'actus reus' refers specifically to the physical act of committing a crime. In the context of criminal law, 'actus reus' encompasses the actual behavior or conduct that constitutes a criminal offense. For a crime to occur, there must typically be an act that is prohibited by law, whether it involves a specific action or a failure to act in a situation where there is a legal duty to do so.

This concept is fundamental because it contrasts with the mental component of a crime, known as 'mens rea,' which relates to the intention or knowledge of wrongdoing. Understanding 'actus reus' is crucial for establishing liability in criminal cases, as it requires the prosecution to demonstrate that the accused engaged in a specific behavior that violates legal statutes.