Which of the following best defines genocide?

Genocide is specifically defined as the deliberate and systematic extermination of a group of people based on national, ethnic, racial, or religious identities. This definition highlights the intent to eradicate a specific group due to their identity, which aligns perfectly with option B. The term is often associated with heinous acts committed during conflicts where one group seeks to destroy another group in whole or in part.

The focus on national and ethnic identity distinguishes genocide from other forms of atrocities, such as political oppression or cultural destruction. While widespread torture and enslavement can occur in various human rights violations, they do not encompass the intent to eliminate a group based solely on their identity, which is central to the definition of genocide. Similarly, the destruction of cultural heritage, although tragic, does not equate to the extermination of a group or the systematic intent to eradicate lives based on identitarian factors. Thus, the second option not only correctly captures the essence of genocide but also helps to differentiate it from other serious violations of human rights.