Who is referred to as the perpetrator in a criminal act?

In a criminal act, the term "perpetrator" specifically refers to the individual who physically carried out the crime. This person is actively engaged in the commission of the illegal act, making them the primary actor responsible for the offense. For instance, if a robbery occurs, the perpetrator is the one who enters the premises and executes the act of stealing.

The other options detail related roles but do not define the perpetrator. The individual who planned the crime may be an accomplice, but unless they were actively involved in carrying out the act, they are not considered the perpetrator. Similarly, a person who assists after the crime is often seen as an accessory or an accomplice, not the primary actor. Lastly, someone who was present but did not participate may witness the crime without any involvement, thus not holding any responsibility as the perpetrator.